Tutoring notes, causative, passive causative, reported speech. April 18th, 2022

Causative

Basic structure (get)

Express the idea of a person persuading another person to do something.

Person 1 + GET (any time tense) + Person 2 + Infinitve verb

• She got her to go to a baseball game
• I will get my boss to give me a day off

Simple present

• She gets him to wash the car every time it’s dirty.
• She -> Him (pay the bills)
• She -> Him (buy a dress)
• She -> Him (buy shoes)
• She -> Him (take the car to the shop)
• She -> Him (mow the lawn)
• She -> Him (pick her up from work)
• She -> Him (come home early for the party)
• She -> Him (pick up the kids)

Simple past

• He got her to bake a cake for his birthday.
• He -> Her (iron his shirts)
• He -> Her (pick him up from work)
• He -> Her (cook dinner)
• He -> Her (wake up the kids)
• He -> Her (buy groceries)
• He -> Her (take the pet to the vet)
• He -> Her (pick up the kids from school)
• He -> Her (put away the dishes)
• He -> Her (sweep the floor)

Future (will or be going to)

• They will get him to fix the lamp.
• They are going to get him to fix the lamp.
• They are going to get her to babysit the kids.
• They will get her to babysit the kids.
• They -> him (clean his room)
• They -> her (do homework)
• They -> him (do the dishes)
• They -> her (make the bed)
• They -> him (take out the trash)
• They -> her (go to the store)
• They -> him (take medicine)
• They -> her (go to karate class)
• They -> him (connect to class)
• They -> her (take care of her younger sister)

Basic structure (have)

Person 1 + HAVE (any time tense) + Person 2 + base form

• She had her go to a baseball game
• I will have my boss give me a day off

Simple present

• My parents have me wash the dishes every time I visit them.
• He -> the mechanic (rotate the car tires)
• He HAS the mechanic rotate the car tires
• I HAVE the mechanic…
• She HAS the mechanic…
• He -> the mechanic (replace the spark plugs)
• He -> the mechanic (change the oil)
• He -> the mechanic (check the transmission)
• He -> the mechanic (do a tune up)
• He -> the mechanic (wash the engine)
• He -> the mechanic (tint the windows)

Simple past

• The doctor had her patient drink more water.
• THE DOCTOR HAD MY PARENTS TAKE A BLOOD TEST.
• The doctor -> her patient (take medicine)
• The doctor -> her patient (get a check-up)
• The doctor -> her patient (exercise more)
• The doctor -> her patient (eat healthier)
• The doctor -> her patient (drink less soda)
• The doctor -> her patient (avoid sugar)
• The doctor -> her patient (donate blood)

Future (will or be going to)

• I will have YOU take a test.

• YOU are going to have ME check the answers.

• She -> the mechanic (fix some dents)
• SHE WILL HAVE THE MECHANIC FIX SOME DENTS
• She -> the mechanic (fix the oil leak)
• She -> the mechanic (align [ALAIN] the tires)
• I (AM)
• YOU. WE. THEY (ARE)
• SHE, HE, IT (IS)
• She -> the mechanic (adjust the brakes)
• He -> his patient (stop drinking alcohol)
• He -> his patient (take a blood test)
• He -> his patient (make an appointment for next month)
• He -> his patient (sleep more)

Yes/No questions

Past

• GET: to express the idea of persuading, convincing, someone
• HAVE: to express the idea of directing, ordering, somenone

Did + Person 1 + have + Person 2 + Base form verb? Did + Person 1 + get + Person 2 + Infinitve form verb?

• Did you have your neighbor trim the tree?

• Did you get your neihbor to trim the tree?

• He -> the mechanic (rotate the car tires)
• Did he have the mechanic rotate the car tires?
• He -> the mechanic (replace the spark plugs)
• She -> Him (buy a dress)
• Did she get him to buy a dress?
• She -> Him (buy shoes)
• He -> Her (put away the dishes)
• He -> Her (sweep the floor)
• They -> her (go to the store)
• They -> him (take medicine)
• The doctor -> her patient (exercise more)
• The doctor -> her patient (eat healthier)
• He -> his patient (make an appointment for next month)
• He -> his patient (sleep more)

Future

Will + Person 1 + have + Person 2 + Base form verb? Will + Person 1 + get + Persob 2 + Infinitive form verb?

• Will she get her boss to let her leave early?

• Will she have her boss let her leave early?

• He -> the mechanic (rotate the car tires)
• He -> the mechanic (replace the spark plugs)
• She -> Him (buy a dress)
• She -> Him (buy shoes)
• WILL - Will she have him buy shoes?
• GOING TO - Is she going to have him buy shoes?
• He -> Her (put away the dishes)
• He -> Her (sweep the floor)
• They -> her (go to the store)
• They -> him (take medicine)
• The doctor -> her patient (exercise more)
• The doctor -> her patient (eat healthier)
• He -> his patient (make an appointment for next month)
• He -> his patient (sleep more)

Passive causative

Express the idea of an action completed by persuading or directing someone to do it, BUT WE DON’T SAY WHO COMPLETED THE ACTION.

Basic structure

Person 1 + Have/Get (any time tense) + Noun + Past participle

Simple present

• He has the carpet vacuumed every other day.

• He gets the lawn mowed every Saturday.

• He + the dishes + do + every day
• he + the laundry + do + evert week
• He + the cabintes + dust + every two weeks
• He + the floors + sweep (swept) + every other day
• He + the stove + clean + on Sundays
• He + the pictures + arrange (areincht) + once a year
• He + the rooms + declutter + every month
• He + the beds + make + every morning
• He + dinner + cook + every weekday
• He + the dogs + walk + every evening
• He + the windows + clean + every week

Simple past

• She got her hair cut last week.

• She had her nails done yesterday.

• She + the kids + pick up
• She got the kids picked (pikt) up last Friday
• She + the backyard + mow (mowed - MOUD)
• She + the garden + water (watered - WARERD)
• She + her laptop + fix (fixed - FIXT)
• She + the letter + send
• She + the dog + groom (groomed - GRUMD)
• She + the washing machine + service (serviced - SERVIST)
• She + the bills + pay
• She + the groceries + buy
• She + the new bed + install (installed - INSTALD)
• She + her car + fill up

Future (will or be going to)

• I’m going to get my windshield changed tomorrow.

• I will get my bumper replaced next weekend.

• I will have my room repainted.
• I have my car’s oil changed every six months.
• I + the ashtray + empty (emptied)
• I + the engine + tune up
• I + the brakes + check
• I + the car + repaint (repainted)
• I + the front lights + repair (repaired - RIPERD)
• I + the radio + fix
• I + the radiator + change
• I + the fuel (fiul) filter + replace
• I + the A/C + service

Yes/No questions

Past

Did + Person 1 + have/get + noun + past participle?

• Did you have your engine checked yesterday?
• Did your parents get their house remodeled (RIMADELD)?

• Did your boss get the report written during the last meeting?

• Me + my car + wash + yesterday
• He + his homework + finish + last night
• They + their house + clean
• Your boss + the report + turn in

Future

Will + Person 1 + have/get + noun + past participle?

• Will they have their house repainted?
• Will you have your hair cut this week?

• Will we get some pizza delivered this weekend?

• She + the groceries + deliver
• We + our hair + cut
• Me + my dogs + walk
• He + his car + check

Capacity

Can + Person 1 + have/get + noun + past participle?

• Can she get her hair cut today at 4:00?
• Can you have my suit (ZUT) dry-cleaned (CLIIND) today?

• Can they get the laundry washed this weekend?

• Me + my clothes (CLOUTS) + iron
• He + the bills + pay (PAID) + on time
• She + the A/C (air conditioner) + install + before summer
• They + the furniture + deliver + before Sunday

Indirect speech

Be present changes to Be past

• DIRECT speech: My mom said “The food is delicious”

• INDIRECT speech: Your mom said that the food was delicious

• DIRECT speech: My boss told her “The reports are great”

• INDIRECT speech: Her boss told her that the reports were great

• DIRECT speech: His sister said “I’m not very good at swimming”
• INDIRECT speech: His sister said that she wasn’t very good at swimming

Simple present changes to Simple past

• DIRECT speech: My friends told me “You don’t need to arrive early to the party”

• INDIRECT speech: Your friends told you that you didn’t need to arrive early to the party

• DIRECT speech: You said “You always write the date wrong”

• INDIRECT speech: You said that I always wrote the date wrong

• DIRECT speech: I told you “I run every morning on this street”
• INDIRECT speech: You told me that you ran every morning on that street

Simple past changes to Past perfect

• DIRECT speech: My boss told me “I saw you at the party yesterday”

• INDIRECT speech: My boss told me that she had seen me at the party the day before

• DIRECT speech: You said “I got sick a week ago”

• INDIRECT speech: You said that you had gotten sick a week before

• DIRECT speech: His boss told him “I didn’t receive that email last week”
• INDIRECT speech: His boss told him that he hadn’t received the email the previous week

Present perfect changes to Past perfect

• DIRECT speech: I told my sister “We have watched this movie three times this month”

• INDIRECT speech: I told my sister that we had watched the movie three times that month

• DIRECT speech: He said “I have lived here for 20 years”

• INDIRECT speech: He said that he had lived there for 20 years

• DIRECT speech: Your boss said “I haven’t seen you in a long time”
• INDIRECT speech: Your boss said that she hadn’t seen you in a long time

Will changes to Would

• DIRECT speech: The reporter said “We will have strong winds next week”

• INDIRECT speech: The reporter said that we would have strong winds the following week

• DIRECT speech: They told me “The teacher will arrive late tomorrow”

• INDIRECT speech: They told you that the teacher would arrive late the following day

• DIRECT speech: I told my students “The test won’t be very difficult”
• INDIRECT speech: I told my students that the test wouldn’t be bery difficult

Can changes to Could

• DIRECT speech: The teacher said “You can have your cameras off during the test”

• INDIRECT speech: The teacher said that we could have our cameras off during the test

• DIRECT speech: My dad told me “You can’t eat that cake today”

• INDIRECT speech: Your dad told you that you couldn’t eat the cake that day

• DIRECT speech: My sister said “I can dance tango”
• INDIRECT speech: Your sister said that she could dance tango

Change time expressions

• DIRECT speech: Today

• INDIRECT speech: That day

• DIRECT speech: Yesterday

• INDIRECT speech: The day before

• DIRECT speech: The day before yesterday

• INDIRECT speech: Two days before

• DIRECT speech: Tomorrow

• INDIRECT speech: The next day

• DIRECT speech: The day after tomorrow

• INDIRECT speech: Two days later

• DIRECT speech: Next (week, month, year…)

• INDIRECT speech: The following (week, month, year…)

• DIRECT speech: Ago

• INDIRECT speech: Before

• DIRECT speech: This (time)

• INDIRECT speech: That (time)

• DIRECT speech: This/That (for adjectives)

• INDIRECT speech: The

• DIRECT speech: Here

• INDIRECT speech: There

• DIRECT speech: Last (week, month, year…)
• INDIRECT speech: The previous (week, month, year…)